Hydrogeochemistry and sustainability of freshwater lenses in the Samborombón Bay wetland,Argentina     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2015

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西南印度洋中脊热液区烃类有机质组成及其成因意义     

雷吉江  初凤友  于晓果  李小虎  陶春辉  葛倩 《地学前缘》2015,22(1):281-290

利用气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了西南印度洋中脊49.6°E热液区热液产物中的可溶有机质,结合生物标志物和单体同位素分析,对烃类有机质的组成、来源及成因意义进行了探讨。硫化物烟囱体以正构烷烃(3.437~3.962μg/g)为主要烃类,L/H1,C22以上烷烃具有轻微奇碳数优势(CPI=1.140~1.209),NAR接近0;生物标志物类型丰富(Sq、IS40、烷基环己烷),C31藿烷22S/(R+S)高达0.77,且缺少17β(H),21β(H)构型藿烷;低碳数饱和脂肪酸为主要脂肪酸类型,异构/反异构脂肪酸含量显著,缺少单不饱和脂肪酸。热液蚀变岩以异构烷烃(2.094μg/g)为主要烃类,正构烷烃以低碳数(L/H=1.33)、偶碳优势(CPI=0.377)为特征;脂肪酸以单不饱和脂肪酸为主。结果表明,海洋原生生物体是49.6°E热液区主要的烃类有机质输入源,热液流体温度及化学条件是控制热液喷口区原生生物群落分布及热液产物中烃类有机质组成的主要因素。生物标志物类型显示硫化物烟囱体中具有产甲烷古菌与硫酸盐还原菌共存的现象,反映出热液流体中富含H2,表明49.6°E热液区具有非生物合成烃类的可能。  相似文献   

东南极普里兹湾陆隆区脊状沉积体的结构和形成过程     

沈中延  杨春国  高金耀  纪飞 《地球学报》2015,36(6):709-717

东南极普里兹湾陆隆区发育数个近垂直陆缘的脊状沉积体,这些沉积体记录了区域冰川活动和底流变化的历史。本文主要利用多道地震资料和水深资料对这些脊状沉积体的平面展布、走向上的结构差异进行了研究,在此基础上讨论了不同脊状沉积体的形成过程。结果表明研究区内脊状沉积体有两种不同结构类型:西部Wild峡谷两侧不对称发育的浊流堤岸沉积形成两个平行峡谷的脊状沉积体;东部数个脊状沉积体的形成与其下长期存在的浊流活动引起的穿时沉积间断面有关。不同峡谷的浊流活动起始时代不一,西部的Wild峡谷起始时代和陆隆区冰海沉积起始时代(P1)一致;东部Wilkins峡谷以及Murray峡谷从后期的P3(约26.1 Ma)开始,代表普里兹湾地区的一次冰川极盛事件。研究区所有峡谷及其浊流活动均随时间向海扩展,造成相应的脊状沉积体向海扩展。在脊状沉积体外缘区域,浊流输送而来的细粒沉积物在向西的底流作用下形成大型深海沉积物波。  相似文献   

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波蛇绿岩的构造背景特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

熊发挥  杨经绥  李源  刘钊  郭国林  周文达  陈松永  李毅兵  徐向珍  牛晓露 《地球学报》2015,36(1):31-40

西藏东波蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段,由地幔橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩等组成。地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩。岩体的边界出露玄武岩和硅质岩等。地幔橄榄岩中有少量辉石岩和辉长岩的脉岩,宽约1 m,走向北西,与岩体的构造线方向基本一致。各岩相岩石地球化学研究结果表明,东波蛇绿岩的岩相存在较大的差异,玄武岩具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征,而地幔橄榄岩中辉石岩、辉长岩脉与洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)相似,形成于洋中脊环境,并受后期俯冲流体作用的改造。东波岩体中二辉橄榄岩具有与深海地幔橄榄岩较一致的轻稀土亏损特征,而方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩的地球化学特征显示出岩体形成于MOR环境,后受到SSZ环境的改造。东波蛇绿岩的岩石地球化学特征显示其洋中脊叠加洋岛的构造背景。  相似文献   

基于格网DEM的地形特征线提取方法比较     

刘淑琼  邹时林 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(2):85-86,91

山脊线和山谷线是进行地形学形态研究的基本问题之一,本文介绍了基于DEM数据提取山谷线和山脊线的国内外研究现状,并重点介绍了基于规则格网DEM提取的方法以及实际工作中所需要注意的问题.  相似文献   

Combined Trace Element and Pb-Nd-Sr-O Isotope Evidence for Recycled Oceanic Crust (Upper and Lower) in the Iceland Mantle Plume   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

KOKFELT  THOMAS FIND; HOERNLE  KAJ; HAUFF  FOLKMAR; FIEBIG  JENS; WERNER  REINHARD; GARBE-SCHONBERG  DIETER 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(9):1705-1749

We present the results of a comprehensive major element, traceelement and Sr–Nd–Pb–O isotopic study of post-glacialvolcanic rocks from the Neovolcanic zones on Iceland. The rocksstudied range in composition from picrites and tholeiites, whichdominate in the main rift systems, to transitional and alkalicbasalts confined to the off-rift and propagating rift systems.There are good correlations of rock types with geochemical enrichmentparameters, such as La/Sm and La/Yb ratios, and with long-termradiogenic tracers, such as Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios,indicating a long-lived enrichment/depletion history of thesource region. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr vs ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd defines a negative array.Pb isotopes define well-correlated positive arrays on both ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pbvs ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagrams, indicating mixing ofat least two major components: an enriched component representedby the alkali basalts and a depleted component represented bythe picrites. In combined Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic spacethe individual rift systems define coherent mixing arrays withslightly different compositions. The enriched component hasradiogenic Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb > 19·3) and very similargeochemistry to HIMU-type ocean island basalts (OIB). We ascribethis endmember to recycling of hydrothermally altered upperbasaltic oceanic crust. The depleted component that is sampledby the picrites has unradiogenic Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb < 17·8),but geochemical signatures distinct from that of normal mid-oceanridge basalt (N-MORB). Highly depleted tholeiites and picriteshave positive anomalies in mantle-normalized trace element diagramsfor Ba, Sr, and Eu (and in some cases also for K, Ti and P),negative anomalies for Hf and Zr, and low ¹⁸O_olivine values(4·6–5·0) below the normal mantle range.All of these features are internally correlated, and we, therefore,interpret them to reflect source characteristics and attributethem to recycled lower gabbroic oceanic crust. Regional compositionaldifferences exist for the depleted component. In SW Icelandit has distinctly higher Nb/U (68) and more radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pbratios (18·28–18·88) compared with the NErift (Nb/U 47; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18·07–18·47).These geochemical differences suggest that different packagesof recycled oceanic lithosphere exist beneath each rift. A thirdand minor component with relatively high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pbis found in a single volcano in SE Iceland (Öræfajökullvolcano), indicating the involvement of recycled sediments inthe source locally. The three plume components form an integralpart of ancient recycled oceanic lithosphere. The slope in theuranogenic Pb diagram indicates a recycling age of about 1·5Ga with time-integrated Th/U ratios of 3·01. Surprisingly,there is little evidence for the involvement of North AtlanticN-MORB source mantle, as would be expected from the interactionof the Iceland plume and the surrounding asthenosphere in formof plume–ridge interaction. The preferential samplingof the enriched and depleted components in the off-rift andmain rift systems, respectively, can be explained by differencesin the geometry of the melting regions. In the off-rift areas,melting columns are truncated deeper and thus are shorter, whichleads to preferential melting of the enriched component, asthis starts melting deeper than the depleted component. In contrast,melting proceeds to shallower depths beneath the main rifts.The longer melting columns also produce significant amountsof melt from the more refractory (lower crustal/lithospheric)component. KEY WORDS: basalts; trace element and Sr, Nd, Pb, O isotope geochemistry; Iceland plume; isotope ratios; oceanic crustal recycling; partial melting; plume–ridge interaction  相似文献   

一种区域卫星导航系统导航策略     

任锴  宋小勇  贾小林  欧阳桂崇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(11)

根据区域卫星导航系统星座结构的特点,针对GEO星、IGSO星存在的轨道机动问题,以及星座建设阶段存在可用导航卫星少于4颗的情况,给出了一种综合利用接收机自主完好性故障检测排除算法、三星定位方法、病态数据处理方法的解决策略,可以提高区域卫星导航系统在一般导航应用中的有效性和连续性。实际算例结果表明了所提方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Precursory Signals of Extensive and Persistent Extreme Cold Events in China          下载免费PDF全文

PENG Jing-Bei  BUEH Cholaw 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(3):252-257

The distinct precursory signals of countrywide extensive and persistent extreme cold events (CECs) were investigated and contrasted with those of countrywide cold wave events (CCWs). It is shown that most CECs were accompanied by a CCW in the initial stages. From the comparison between the CECs and the CCWs that were independent of any CEC, it is found that a south- west-northeast-oriented tilted ridge at 500 hPa was present around the Europe-Barents Sea regions approximately 10 days prior to the start of the CEC. Consistent with this feature, a high sea level pressure and strong cold air accumulation occurred over a broad extent of northern Eurasia one week prior to the start of the CEC. The tilted ridge and the strong cold air accumulation were the precursory signals that were absent for the CCW, and they provide important clues for the early prediction of whether a CCW event might evolve into a CEC.  相似文献   

盛夏副高脊线异常变化对我国气温影响及海气背景分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任广成  吴小林  李旺 《河南气象》2009,(3):1-5

利用1951—2006年全国160站盛夏（7—8月）气温资料、北半球500hPa高度场和北太平洋海温场资料,分析了盛夏西太平洋副高脊线位置异常变化对我国气温的影响及其与500hPa大气环流和北太平洋海温的关系,结果发现：盛夏副高脊线异常偏北年主要集中出现在上世纪60年代和90年代,副高脊线异常偏南年则主要集中出现在上世纪80年代;盛夏副高脊线位置与长江流域及其以北至黄河中下游以南的我国中东部广大地区气温存在着很好的正相关关系;盛夏副高脊线位置异常变化与东亚中纬度500hPa上空西风环流强弱变化密切相关,前期3月白令海至阿拉斯加地区500hPa高度场异常变化对盛夏副高脊线位置变动有着较好的指示性,前期北太平洋海温距平分布型,尤其是前期3月北亚热带海区关键区海温、加利福尼亚海区关键区海温和关键区综合海温指数对盛夏副高脊线位置异常变化具有很好的指示意义。  相似文献   

DIAGNOSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF DYNAMIC CORRELATION FACTORS BETWEEN WEST-PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND EAST ASIA MONSOON SYSTEM INDEXES     

董兆俊  张韧  余丹丹  程明  万雷 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(2):141-144

Based on the daily reanalysis data of NCEP / NCAR and by using the method of phase space reconstruction, the point conditional probability density of the subtropical high ridge index are determined and then used, together with their power spectra, to seek the correlation between them and individual monsoon-affecting factors and their power spectra. Through diagnosis, six indexes are discovered that have the most important effects on the subtropical high index. The results of the diagnosis indicate that the technique can identify the factors which are dynamically correlated. It can offer the basis in determining and choosing dynamic conceptual factors.  相似文献